# -*- test-case-name: twisted.web.test.test_xmlrpc -*-
# Copyright (c) Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.
"""
Tests for XML-RPC support in L{twisted.web.xmlrpc}.
"""
from __future__ import division, absolute_import
from twisted.python.compat import nativeString, networkString, NativeStringIO
from io import BytesIO
import datetime
from twisted.trial import unittest
from twisted.web import xmlrpc
from twisted.web.xmlrpc import XMLRPC, payloadTemplate, addIntrospection
from twisted.web.xmlrpc import _QueryFactory, withRequest, xmlrpclib
from twisted.web import server, client, http, static
from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
from twisted.internet.error import ConnectionDone
from twisted.python import failure
from twisted.python.reflect import namedModule
from twisted.test.proto_helpers import MemoryReactor
from twisted.web.test.test_web import DummyRequest
try:
namedModule('twisted.internet.ssl')
except ImportError:
sslSkip = "OpenSSL not present"
else:
sslSkip = None
class AsyncXMLRPCTests(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Tests for L{XMLRPC}'s support of Deferreds.
"""
def setUp(self):
self.request = DummyRequest([''])
self.request.method = 'POST'
self.request.content = NativeStringIO(
payloadTemplate % ('async', xmlrpclib.dumps(())))
result = self.result = defer.Deferred()
class AsyncResource(XMLRPC):
def xmlrpc_async(self):
return result
self.resource = AsyncResource()
def test_deferredResponse(self):
"""
If an L{XMLRPC} C{xmlrpc_*} method returns a L{defer.Deferred}, the
response to the request is the result of that L{defer.Deferred}.
"""
self.resource.render(self.request)
self.assertEqual(self.request.written, [])
self.result.callback("result")
resp = xmlrpclib.loads(b"".join(self.request.written))
self.assertEqual(resp, (('result',), None))
self.assertEqual(self.request.finished, 1)
def test_interruptedDeferredResponse(self):
"""
While waiting for the L{Deferred} returned by an L{XMLRPC} C{xmlrpc_*}
method to fire, the connection the request was issued over may close.
If this happens, neither C{write} nor C{finish} is called on the
request.
"""
self.resource.render(self.request)
self.request.processingFailed(
failure.Failure(ConnectionDone("Simulated")))
self.result.callback("result")
self.assertEqual(self.request.written, [])
self.assertEqual(self.request.finished, 0)
class TestRuntimeError(RuntimeError):
pass
class TestValueError(ValueError):
pass
class Test(XMLRPC):
# If you add xmlrpc_ methods to this class, go change test_listMethods
# below.
FAILURE = 666
NOT_FOUND = 23
SESSION_EXPIRED = 42
def xmlrpc_echo(self, arg):
return arg
# the doc string is part of the test
def xmlrpc_add(self, a, b):
"""
This function add two numbers.
"""
return a + b
xmlrpc_add.signature = [['int', 'int', 'int'],
['double', 'double', 'double']]
# the doc string is part of the test
def xmlrpc_pair(self, string, num):
"""
This function puts the two arguments in an array.
"""
return [string, num]
xmlrpc_pair.signature = [['array', 'string', 'int']]
# the doc string is part of the test
def xmlrpc_defer(self, x):
"""Help for defer."""
return defer.succeed(x)
def xmlrpc_deferFail(self):
return defer.fail(TestValueError())
# don't add a doc string, it's part of the test
def xmlrpc_fail(self):
raise TestRuntimeError
def xmlrpc_fault(self):
return xmlrpc.Fault(12, "hello")
def xmlrpc_deferFault(self):
return defer.fail(xmlrpc.Fault(17, "hi"))
def xmlrpc_snowman(self, payload):
"""
Used to test that we can pass Unicode.
"""
snowman = u"\u2603"
if snowman != payload:
return xmlrpc.Fault(13, "Payload not unicode snowman")
return snowman
def xmlrpc_complex(self):
return {"a": ["b", "c", 12, []], "D": "foo"}
def xmlrpc_dict(self, map, key):
return map[key]
xmlrpc_dict.help = 'Help for dict.'
@withRequest
def xmlrpc_withRequest(self, request, other):
"""
A method decorated with L{withRequest} which can be called by
a test to verify that the request object really is passed as
an argument.
"""
return (
# as a proof that request is a request
request.method +
# plus proof other arguments are still passed along
' ' + other)
def lookupProcedure(self, procedurePath):
try:
return XMLRPC.lookupProcedure(self, procedurePath)
except xmlrpc.NoSuchFunction:
if procedurePath.startswith("SESSION"):
raise xmlrpc.Fault(self.SESSION_EXPIRED,
"Session non-existent/expired.")
else:
raise
class TestLookupProcedure(XMLRPC):
"""
This is a resource which customizes procedure lookup to be used by the tests
of support for this customization.
"""
def echo(self, x):
return x
def lookupProcedure(self, procedureName):
"""
Lookup a procedure from a fixed set of choices, either I{echo} or
I{system.listeMethods}.
"""
if procedureName == 'echo':
return self.echo
raise xmlrpc.NoSuchFunction(
self.NOT_FOUND, 'procedure %s not found' % (procedureName,))
class TestListProcedures(XMLRPC):
"""
This is a resource which customizes procedure enumeration to be used by the
tests of support for this customization.
"""
def listProcedures(self):
"""
Return a list of a single method this resource will claim to support.
"""
return ['foo']
class TestAuthHeader(Test):
"""
This is used to get the header info so that we can test
authentication.
"""
def __init__(self):
Test.__init__(self)
self.request = None
def render(self, request):
self.request = request
return Test.render(self, request)
def xmlrpc_authinfo(self):
return self.request.getUser(), self.request.getPassword()
class TestQueryProtocol(xmlrpc.QueryProtocol):
"""
QueryProtocol for tests that saves headers received and sent,
inside the factory.
"""
def connectionMade(self):
self.factory.transport = self.transport
xmlrpc.QueryProtocol.connectionMade(self)
def handleHeader(self, key, val):
self.factory.headers[key.lower()] = val
def sendHeader(self, key, val):
"""
Keep sent headers so we can inspect them later.
"""
self.factory.sent_headers[key.lower()] = val
xmlrpc.QueryProtocol.sendHeader(self, key, val)
class TestQueryFactory(xmlrpc._QueryFactory):
"""
QueryFactory using L{TestQueryProtocol} for saving headers.
"""
protocol = TestQueryProtocol
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.headers = {}
self.sent_headers = {}
xmlrpc._QueryFactory.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
class TestQueryFactoryCancel(xmlrpc._QueryFactory):
"""
QueryFactory that saves a reference to the
L{twisted.internet.interfaces.IConnector} to test connection lost.
"""
def startedConnecting(self, connector):
self.connector = connector
class XMLRPCTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.p = reactor.listenTCP(0, server.Site(Test()),
interface="127.0.0.1")
self.port = self.p.getHost().port
self.factories = []
def tearDown(self):
self.factories = []
return self.p.stopListening()
def queryFactory(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Specific queryFactory for proxy that uses our custom
L{TestQueryFactory}, and save factories.
"""
factory = TestQueryFactory(*args, **kwargs)
self.factories.append(factory)
return factory
def proxy(self, factory=None):
"""
Return a new xmlrpc.Proxy for the test site created in
setUp(), using the given factory as the queryFactory, or
self.queryFactory if no factory is provided.
"""
p = xmlrpc.Proxy(networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % self.port))
if factory is None:
p.queryFactory = self.queryFactory
else:
p.queryFactory = factory
return p
def test_results(self):
inputOutput = [
("add", (2, 3), 5),
("defer", ("a",), "a"),
("dict", ({"a": 1}, "a"), 1),
("pair", ("a", 1), ["a", 1]),
("snowman", (u"\u2603"), u"\u2603"),
("complex", (), {"a": ["b", "c", 12, []], "D": "foo"})]
dl = []
for meth, args, outp in inputOutput:
d = self.proxy().callRemote(meth, *args)
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, outp)
dl.append(d)
return defer.DeferredList(dl, fireOnOneErrback=True)
def test_headers(self):
"""
Verify that headers sent from the client side and the ones we
get back from the server side are correct.
"""
d = self.proxy().callRemote("snowman", u"\u2603")
def check_server_headers(ing):
self.assertEqual(
self.factories[0].headers[b'content-type'],
b'text/xml; charset=utf-8')
self.assertEqual(
self.factories[0].headers[b'content-length'], b'129')
def check_client_headers(ign):
self.assertEqual(
self.factories[0].sent_headers[b'user-agent'],
b'Twisted/XMLRPClib')
self.assertEqual(
self.factories[0].sent_headers[b'content-type'],
b'text/xml; charset=utf-8')
self.assertEqual(
self.factories[0].sent_headers[b'content-length'], b'155')
d.addCallback(check_server_headers)
d.addCallback(check_client_headers)
return d
def test_errors(self):
"""
Verify that for each way a method exposed via XML-RPC can fail, the
correct 'Content-type' header is set in the response and that the
client-side Deferred is errbacked with an appropriate C{Fault}
instance.
"""
dl = []
for code, methodName in [(666, "fail"), (666, "deferFail"),
(12, "fault"), (23, "noSuchMethod"),
(17, "deferFault"), (42, "SESSION_TEST")]:
d = self.proxy().callRemote(methodName)
d = self.assertFailure(d, xmlrpc.Fault)
d.addCallback(lambda exc, code=code:
self.assertEqual(exc.faultCode, code))
dl.append(d)
d = defer.DeferredList(dl, fireOnOneErrback=True)
def cb(ign):
for factory in self.factories:
self.assertEqual(factory.headers[b'content-type'],
b'text/xml; charset=utf-8')
self.flushLoggedErrors(TestRuntimeError, TestValueError)
d.addCallback(cb)
return d
def test_cancel(self):
"""
A deferred from the Proxy can be cancelled, disconnecting
the L{twisted.internet.interfaces.IConnector}.
"""
def factory(*args, **kw):
factory.f = TestQueryFactoryCancel(*args, **kw)
return factory.f
d = self.proxy(factory).callRemote('add', 2, 3)
self.assertNotEqual(factory.f.connector.state, "disconnected")
d.cancel()
self.assertEqual(factory.f.connector.state, "disconnected")
d = self.assertFailure(d, defer.CancelledError)
return d
def test_errorGet(self):
"""
A classic GET on the xml server should return a NOT_ALLOWED.
"""
agent = client.Agent(reactor)
d = agent.request(b"GET", networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % (self.port,)))
def checkResponse(response):
self.assertEqual(response.code, http.NOT_ALLOWED)
d.addCallback(checkResponse)
return d
def test_errorXMLContent(self):
"""
Test that an invalid XML input returns an L{xmlrpc.Fault}.
"""
agent = client.Agent(reactor)
d = agent.request(
uri=networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % (self.port,)),
method=b"POST",
bodyProducer=client.FileBodyProducer(BytesIO(b"foo")))
d.addCallback(client.readBody)
def cb(result):
self.assertRaises(xmlrpc.Fault, xmlrpclib.loads, result)
d.addCallback(cb)
return d
def test_datetimeRoundtrip(self):
"""
If an L{xmlrpclib.DateTime} is passed as an argument to an XML-RPC
call and then returned by the server unmodified, the result should
be equal to the original object.
"""
when = xmlrpclib.DateTime()
d = self.proxy().callRemote("echo", when)
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, when)
return d
def test_doubleEncodingError(self):
"""
If it is not possible to encode a response to the request (for example,
because L{xmlrpclib.dumps} raises an exception when encoding a
L{Fault}) the exception which prevents the response from being
generated is logged and the request object is finished anyway.
"""
d = self.proxy().callRemote("echo", "")
# *Now* break xmlrpclib.dumps. Hopefully the client already used it.
def fakeDumps(*args, **kwargs):
raise RuntimeError("Cannot encode anything at all!")
self.patch(xmlrpclib, 'dumps', fakeDumps)
# It doesn't matter how it fails, so long as it does. Also, it happens
# to fail with an implementation detail exception right now, not
# something suitable as part of a public interface.
d = self.assertFailure(d, Exception)
def cbFailed(ignored):
# The fakeDumps exception should have been logged.
self.assertEqual(len(self.flushLoggedErrors(RuntimeError)), 1)
d.addCallback(cbFailed)
return d
def test_closeConnectionAfterRequest(self):
"""
The connection to the web server is closed when the request is done.
"""
d = self.proxy().callRemote('echo', '')
def responseDone(ignored):
[factory] = self.factories
self.assertFalse(factory.transport.connected)
self.assertTrue(factory.transport.disconnected)
return d.addCallback(responseDone)
def test_tcpTimeout(self):
"""
For I{HTTP} URIs, L{xmlrpc.Proxy.callRemote} passes the value it
received for the C{connectTimeout} parameter as the C{timeout} argument
to the underlying connectTCP call.
"""
reactor = MemoryReactor()
proxy = xmlrpc.Proxy(b"http://127.0.0.1:69", connectTimeout=2.0,
reactor=reactor)
proxy.callRemote("someMethod")
self.assertEqual(reactor.tcpClients[0][3], 2.0)
def test_sslTimeout(self):
"""
For I{HTTPS} URIs, L{xmlrpc.Proxy.callRemote} passes the value it
received for the C{connectTimeout} parameter as the C{timeout} argument
to the underlying connectSSL call.
"""
reactor = MemoryReactor()
proxy = xmlrpc.Proxy(b"https://127.0.0.1:69", connectTimeout=3.0,
reactor=reactor)
proxy.callRemote("someMethod")
self.assertEqual(reactor.sslClients[0][4], 3.0)
test_sslTimeout.skip = sslSkip
class XMLRPCProxyWithoutSlashTests(XMLRPCTests):
"""
Test with proxy that doesn't add a slash.
"""
def proxy(self, factory=None):
p = xmlrpc.Proxy(networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d" % self.port))
if factory is None:
p.queryFactory = self.queryFactory
else:
p.queryFactory = factory
return p
class XMLRPCPublicLookupProcedureTests(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Tests for L{XMLRPC}'s support of subclasses which override
C{lookupProcedure} and C{listProcedures}.
"""
def createServer(self, resource):
self.p = reactor.listenTCP(
0, server.Site(resource), interface="127.0.0.1")
self.addCleanup(self.p.stopListening)
self.port = self.p.getHost().port
self.proxy = xmlrpc.Proxy(
networkString('http://127.0.0.1:%d' % self.port))
def test_lookupProcedure(self):
"""
A subclass of L{XMLRPC} can override C{lookupProcedure} to find
procedures that are not defined using a C{xmlrpc_}-prefixed method name.
"""
self.createServer(TestLookupProcedure())
what = "hello"
d = self.proxy.callRemote("echo", what)
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, what)
return d
def test_errors(self):
"""
A subclass of L{XMLRPC} can override C{lookupProcedure} to raise
L{NoSuchFunction} to indicate that a requested method is not available
to be called, signalling a fault to the XML-RPC client.
"""
self.createServer(TestLookupProcedure())
d = self.proxy.callRemote("xxxx", "hello")
d = self.assertFailure(d, xmlrpc.Fault)
return d
def test_listMethods(self):
"""
A subclass of L{XMLRPC} can override C{listProcedures} to define
Overriding listProcedures should prevent introspection from being
broken.
"""
resource = TestListProcedures()
addIntrospection(resource)
self.createServer(resource)
d = self.proxy.callRemote("system.listMethods")
def listed(procedures):
# The list will also include other introspection procedures added by
# addIntrospection. We just want to see "foo" from our customized
# listProcedures.
self.assertIn('foo', procedures)
d.addCallback(listed)
return d
class SerializationConfigMixin:
"""
Mixin which defines a couple tests which should pass when a particular flag
is passed to L{XMLRPC}.
These are not meant to be exhaustive serialization tests, since L{xmlrpclib}
does all of the actual serialization work. They are just meant to exercise
a few codepaths to make sure we are calling into xmlrpclib correctly.
@ivar flagName: A C{str} giving the name of the flag which must be passed to
L{XMLRPC} to allow the tests to pass. Subclasses should set this.
@ivar value: A value which the specified flag will allow the serialization
of. Subclasses should set this.
"""
def setUp(self):
"""
Create a new XML-RPC server with C{allowNone} set to C{True}.
"""
kwargs = {self.flagName: True}
self.p = reactor.listenTCP(
0, server.Site(Test(**kwargs)), interface="127.0.0.1")
self.addCleanup(self.p.stopListening)
self.port = self.p.getHost().port
self.proxy = xmlrpc.Proxy(
networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % (self.port,)), **kwargs)
def test_roundtripValue(self):
"""
C{self.value} can be round-tripped over an XMLRPC method call/response.
"""
d = self.proxy.callRemote('defer', self.value)
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, self.value)
return d
def test_roundtripNestedValue(self):
"""
A C{dict} which contains C{self.value} can be round-tripped over an
XMLRPC method call/response.
"""
d = self.proxy.callRemote('defer', {'a': self.value})
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, {'a': self.value})
return d
class XMLRPCAllowNoneTests(SerializationConfigMixin, unittest.TestCase):
"""
Tests for passing L{None} when the C{allowNone} flag is set.
"""
flagName = "allowNone"
value = None
class XMLRPCUseDateTimeTests(SerializationConfigMixin, unittest.TestCase):
"""
Tests for passing a C{datetime.datetime} instance when the C{useDateTime}
flag is set.
"""
flagName = "useDateTime"
value = datetime.datetime(2000, 12, 28, 3, 45, 59)
class XMLRPCAuthenticatedTests(XMLRPCTests):
"""
Test with authenticated proxy. We run this with the same input/output as
above.
"""
user = b"username"
password = b"asecret"
def setUp(self):
self.p = reactor.listenTCP(0, server.Site(TestAuthHeader()),
interface="127.0.0.1")
self.port = self.p.getHost().port
self.factories = []
def test_authInfoInURL(self):
url = "http://%s:%s@127.0.0.1:%d/" % (
nativeString(self.user), nativeString(self.password), self.port)
p = xmlrpc.Proxy(networkString(url))
d = p.callRemote("authinfo")
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, [self.user, self.password])
return d
def test_explicitAuthInfo(self):
p = xmlrpc.Proxy(networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % (
self.port,)), self.user, self.password)
d = p.callRemote("authinfo")
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, [self.user, self.password])
return d
def test_longPassword(self):
"""
C{QueryProtocol} uses the C{base64.b64encode} function to encode user
name and password in the I{Authorization} header, so that it doesn't
embed new lines when using long inputs.
"""
longPassword = self.password * 40
p = xmlrpc.Proxy(networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d/" % (
self.port,)), self.user, longPassword)
d = p.callRemote("authinfo")
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, [self.user, longPassword])
return d
def test_explicitAuthInfoOverride(self):
p = xmlrpc.Proxy(networkString("http://wrong:info@127.0.0.1:%d/" % (
self.port,)), self.user, self.password)
d = p.callRemote("authinfo")
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, [self.user, self.password])
return d
class XMLRPCIntrospectionTests(XMLRPCTests):
def setUp(self):
xmlrpc = Test()
addIntrospection(xmlrpc)
self.p = reactor.listenTCP(0, server.Site(xmlrpc),interface="127.0.0.1")
self.port = self.p.getHost().port
self.factories = []
def test_listMethods(self):
def cbMethods(meths):
meths.sort()
self.assertEqual(
meths,
['add', 'complex', 'defer', 'deferFail',
'deferFault', 'dict', 'echo', 'fail', 'fault',
'pair', 'snowman', 'system.listMethods',
'system.methodHelp',
'system.methodSignature', 'withRequest'])
d = self.proxy().callRemote("system.listMethods")
d.addCallback(cbMethods)
return d
def test_methodHelp(self):
inputOutputs = [
("defer", "Help for defer."),
("fail", ""),
("dict", "Help for dict.")]
dl = []
for meth, expected in inputOutputs:
d = self.proxy().callRemote("system.methodHelp", meth)
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, expected)
dl.append(d)
return defer.DeferredList(dl, fireOnOneErrback=True)
def test_methodSignature(self):
inputOutputs = [
("defer", ""),
("add", [['int', 'int', 'int'],
['double', 'double', 'double']]),
("pair", [['array', 'string', 'int']])]
dl = []
for meth, expected in inputOutputs:
d = self.proxy().callRemote("system.methodSignature", meth)
d.addCallback(self.assertEqual, expected)
dl.append(d)
return defer.DeferredList(dl, fireOnOneErrback=True)
class XMLRPCClientErrorHandlingTests(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Test error handling on the xmlrpc client.
"""
def setUp(self):
self.resource = static.Data(
b"This text is not a valid XML-RPC response.",
b"text/plain")
self.resource.isLeaf = True
self.port = reactor.listenTCP(0, server.Site(self.resource),
interface='127.0.0.1')
def tearDown(self):
return self.port.stopListening()
def test_erroneousResponse(self):
"""
Test that calling the xmlrpc client on a static http server raises
an exception.
"""
proxy = xmlrpc.Proxy(networkString("http://127.0.0.1:%d/" %
(self.port.getHost().port,)))
return self.assertFailure(proxy.callRemote("someMethod"), ValueError)
class QueryFactoryParseResponseTests(unittest.TestCase):
"""
Test the behaviour of L{_QueryFactory.parseResponse}.
"""
def setUp(self):
# The _QueryFactory that we are testing. We don't care about any
# of the constructor parameters.
self.queryFactory = _QueryFactory(
path=None, host=None, method='POST', user=None, password=None,
allowNone=False, args=())
# An XML-RPC response that will parse without raising an error.
self.goodContents = xmlrpclib.dumps(('',))
# An 'XML-RPC response' that will raise a parsing error.
self.badContents = 'invalid xml'
# A dummy 'reason' to pass to clientConnectionLost. We don't care
# what it is.
self.reason = failure.Failure(ConnectionDone())
def test_parseResponseCallbackSafety(self):
"""
We can safely call L{_QueryFactory.clientConnectionLost} as a callback
of L{_QueryFactory.parseResponse}.
"""
d = self.queryFactory.deferred
# The failure mode is that this callback raises an AlreadyCalled
# error. We have to add it now so that it gets called synchronously
# and triggers the race condition.
d.addCallback(self.queryFactory.clientConnectionLost, self.reason)
self.queryFactory.parseResponse(self.goodContents)
return d
def test_parseResponseErrbackSafety(self):
"""
We can safely call L{_QueryFactory.clientConnectionLost} as an errback
of L{_QueryFactory.parseResponse}.
"""
d = self.queryFactory.deferred
# The failure mode is that this callback raises an AlreadyCalled
# error. We have to add it now so that it gets called synchronously
# and triggers the race condition.
d.addErrback(self.queryFactory.clientConnectionLost, self.reason)
self.queryFactory.parseResponse(self.badContents)
return d
def test_badStatusErrbackSafety(self):
"""
We can safely call L{_QueryFactory.clientConnectionLost} as an errback
of L{_QueryFactory.badStatus}.
"""
d = self.queryFactory.deferred
# The failure mode is that this callback raises an AlreadyCalled
# error. We have to add it now so that it gets called synchronously
# and triggers the race condition.
d.addErrback(self.queryFactory.clientConnectionLost, self.reason)
self.queryFactory.badStatus('status', 'message')
return d
def test_parseResponseWithoutData(self):
"""
Some server can send a response without any data:
L{_QueryFactory.parseResponse} should catch the error and call the
result errback.
"""
content = """
<methodResponse>
<params>
<param>
</param>
</params>
</methodResponse>"""
d = self.queryFactory.deferred
self.queryFactory.parseResponse(content)
return self.assertFailure(d, IndexError)
class XMLRPCWithRequestTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.resource = Test()
def test_withRequest(self):
"""
When an XML-RPC method is called and the implementation is
decorated with L{withRequest}, the request object is passed as
the first argument.
"""
request = DummyRequest('/RPC2')
request.method = "POST"
request.content = NativeStringIO(xmlrpclib.dumps(
("foo",), 'withRequest'))
def valid(n, request):
data = xmlrpclib.loads(request.written[0])
self.assertEqual(data, (('POST foo',), None))
d = request.notifyFinish().addCallback(valid, request)
self.resource.render_POST(request)
return d